





GIA Gübelin(古柏林)宝石项目:各种宝石(磷锂铝石 — 斧石)
Among the collection assembled by Dr. Edward Gübelin are a number of uncommon gemstones from many worldwide localities.





钻石中非同寻常的哑铃状内含物 (英语)
Examination of a 0.40 ct near-colorless round brilliant diamond with a large inclusion resembling a dumbbell

钻石描述
钻石是唯一一种由单一元素(碳)构成的宝石:其中的碳含量高达 99.95%。 另外 0.05% 可能是一种或一种以上的微量元素,这些原子不属于钻石的基本化学结构。 一些微量元素可以影响它的颜色或晶体形状。

Charles “Chuck” Fryer (查尔斯“查克”弗赖尔) (1928 - 2003)
World-renowned gem identification expert who guided GIA's lab services to the forefront of gemological research.








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