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Emerald
Emerald is the bluish green to green variety of beryl, a mineral species that includes aquamarine.
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Research
Inclusion and Trace Element Characteristics of Emeralds from Swat Valley, Pakistan
Presents a detailed study of gemological properties, inclusion features, spectroscopic characteristics, and chemical composition of emeralds from this important source.
History of the Chivor Emerald Mine, Part II (1924–1970): Between Insolvency and Viability
Many legends are told about the history of the Chivor emerald mine.
Geographic Origin Determination of Emerald
The relative chemical diversity of emeralds from different deposits worldwide allows clear origin determination in most cases. This contribution explains the criteria used by GIA to make geographic origin conclusions for emeralds.
Geology of Corundum and Emerald Gem Deposits: A Review
Over the last two decades, knowledge of the formation of gem deposits has improved significantly. This article reviews the state of our knowledge of the geology and genesis of gem corundum and emerald deposits.
The Geographic Origin Dilemma
An overview of the geographic origin complexities facing the gem and jewelry industry today.
Field Gemology: Building a Research Collection and Understanding the Development of Gem Deposits
With more than 90 field expeditions on six continents since 2008, GIA has accumulated over 22,000 colored stone reference samples. This extensive collection of colored stones with known origins supports GIA’s research on geographic origin determination.
Unique Vanadium-Rich Emerald from Malipo, China
Spectroscopic and chemical analyses of emeralds from this Chinese deposit show a unique composition.
Gemstones in the Era of the Taj Mahal and the Mughals
A look at the gem ornamentation of this landmark, as well as the jewels of the Mughal dynasty.
Colombian Emerald Industry: Winds of Change
A firsthand look at Colombia’s emerald mines and the cutting and trading industry in Bogotá.
Photoluminescence Spectra of Emeralds from Colombia, Afghanistan, and Zambia
Compares PL spectroscopy data of 48 emerald samples from three countries to evaluate the usefulness of the technique in geographic origin determination.
Historical Reading List: The Ancient Emerald Mines of Egypt
A New Discovery of Emeralds from Ethiopia
A report on a new Ethiopian source of high-quality emerald.
