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Sapphire
The name “sapphire” can also apply to any corundum that’s not ruby red, another corundum variety.

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Tools
Research
Gemstone Durability: Design to Display
Update on Mining Rubies and Fancy Sapphires in Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam began producing significant quantities of rubies and fancy sapphires in the late 1980s.
Summer 1996 Gem News International
Sapphire and Garnet from Kalalani, Tanga Province, Tanzania
Ruby and Sapphire from Jegdalek, Afghanistan
Heat Treating Corundum: The Bangkok Operation
Kashmir Sapphire
The history of the Kashmir mines, the beautiful sapphires found there, and the outlook for the future.









